distro linux

Linux merupakan Operating System yang bertipe Unix “OS yg kompatibel dengan Unix”. Linux memiliki jenis dan versi yang berbeda-beda dan terus berkembang sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan oleh pengguna Linux.

Ada beberapa distribusi Linux (distro) yang gw ketahui, diantaranya sbb :

PCLinuxOS 

PCLinuxOS adalah satu Sistem Operasi Open Source. PCLinuxOS juga suatu distribusi GNU/Linux, itu berdasar pada kernel Linux menggunakan GNU toolset. PCLinuxOS salah satu dari penyedia-penyedia dunia yang sedang naik bintang karena userfriendly pada desktop.

Debian 

Debian format paket programnya yang menggunakan DEB dianggap lebih stabil dari pada RPM. Debian juga sudah menggunakan metode autodetect untuk penggunaan peripheral pada komputer.

Redhat 

Redhat diakui sebagai server tercepat dibandingkan dengan linux server lainnya. Selain sebagai server tercepat, Redhat juga dapat digunakan sebagai client maupun sebagai PC desktop/PC standolone. Saat ini redhat sudah beredar dengan versi 9.0 yang dapat menggunakan desktop Genome dan juga KDE.

Caldera 

Caldera merupakan jenis linux yang pertama yang menggunakan Auto-Detect Hardware ( seperti plug and play pada Mac)

Slackware 

Slackware adalah distribusi linux yang pertama yang merupakan distribusi linux yang murni, kalo ga salah linux tertua n hampir menyamai Unix dalam penggunaannya.

Suse 

SuSE Linux dilengkapi dengan Desktop Manager yang dikenal dengan KDE. SuSE adalah jenis Linux pertama yang menyertakan bahasa Indonesia dan pilihan bahasa yang digunakan dalam sistem Operasi Linux.

Corel 

Corel Linux dirancang sebagai end-User. Pada Corel Linux semuaya serba grafis, dimulai pada saat prosedur Instalasi hingga boot sistem

Turbo 

Turbo Linux dibuat dari berbagai under Linux/UNIX. Turbo Linux mengkhususkan diri di bidang clustering computer.

Mandriva 

Mandriva Linux yg sebelumnya bernama Mandrakelinux atau Mandrake Linux merupakan suatu distribusi Linux yang diciptakan oleh Mandriva. Itu menggunakan RPM Package Manager. Bila redhat direkomendasikan sebagai server, maka mandrake dijadikan sebagai client yang handal. Tujuan awal dari diciptakannya Mandrake Linux adalah untuk mempermudah penggunanya dalam melakukan installasi dan penggunaan Linux itu sendiri. Sebelum keluarnya Corel Linux, Mandrake merupakan distribusi linux yang paling familiar. Jika Redhat keluar desktop manager menggunakan Gnome, maka inux Mandrake keluar dengan desktop manager KDE buatan SuSE Jerman

Ubuntu 

Ubuntu Linux hadir dalam 2 versi yaitu versi LiveCD dan versi Install. Anda bisa memakai versi LiveCD kalau anda tidak ingin menginstallnya kedalam Komputer.

Kelebihan-kelebihan Linux secara umum

Linux merupakan sistem operasi bebas dan terbuka alias tidak ada biaya lisensi untuk membeli atau menggunakan Linux.

Linux dengan tampilan visual yg memudahkan dalam penggunaannya. Efek 3D dimensi untuk desktop pun sudah bisa dinikmati.

Linux memiliki aplikasi yg lengkap dan terus dikembangkan “ aplikasi yang terdapat di Windows, telah terdapat di Linux”

Linux memliki keamanan yg sangat baik. “Dah coba sebagai server “Suse”

Linux relatif stabil “Kata temen yg menggunakan Slackware”

Penggunaan Linux hanya memerlukan komponen komputer yg kecil dengan kata lain computer yg “Jadul” pun bisa dipakai.

sumber : http://otakkacau.net/2008/07/11/jenis-jenis-distro-kelebihan-dan-kekurangan-linux/

text english

Silent Love

Once, there was a couple who love very much each other,named Azula and Romeo From the very Begining, Azula's family objected strongly on her dating this guy. Saying that it has got to do with family background & that Azula will have to suffer for the rest of her life if she were to be with him.

Due to family's pressure, the couple quarrel very often. Though Azula love Romeo deeply, but she always ask him: "How deep is your love for me?"

As Romeo is not good with his words, this often cause Azula to be very upset. With that & the family's pressure, Azula often vent her anger on him. As for him, he only endure it in silence.

After a couple of years, Romeo finally graduated & decided to further his studies in overseas. Before leaving, he proposed to Azula: "I'm not very good with words. But all I know is that I love you. If you allow me, I will take care of you for the rest of my life. As for your family, I'll try my best to talk them round. Will you marry me?"

Azula agreed, & with Romeo's determination, the family finally gave in & agreed to let them get married. So before he leave, they got engaged.

Azula went out to the working society, whereas Romeo was overseas, continuing his studies. They sent their love through emails & phone calls. Though it's hard, but both never thought of giving up.

One day, while Azula was on her way to work, she was knocked down by a car that lost control. When she woke up, she saw her parents beside her bed. She realised that she was badly injured. Seeing her mum crying, she wanted to comfort her. But she realized that all that could come out of her mouth was just a sigh. She has lost her voice......

The doctors says that the impact on her brain has caused her to lose her voice. Listening to her parents' comfort, but with nothing coming out from her, she broke down.

During the stay in hospital, besides silence cry,.....it's still just silence cry that companied her. Upon reaching home, everything seems to be the same. Except for the ringing tone of the phone. Which pierced into her heart everytime it rang. She does not wish to let Romeo know. & not wanting to be a burden to him, she wrote a letter to him saying that she does not wish to wait any longer.

With that, she sent the ring back to him. In return, Romeo sent millions & millions of reply, and countless of phonecalls,.. all Azula could do, besides crying, is still crying....

The parents decided to move away, hoping that she could eventually forget everything & be happy.

With a new environment, Azula learn sign language & started a new life. Telling herself everyday that she must forget Romeo. One day, her friend came & told her that he's back. She asked her friend not to let him know what happened to her. Since then, there wasn't anymore news of him.

A year has passed & her friend came with an envelope, containing an invitation card for Romeo's wedding. Azula was shattered. When she open the letter, she saw her name in it instead.

When she was about to ask her friend what's going on, she saw Romeo standing in front of her. He used sign language telling her "I've spent a year's time to learn sign language. Just to let you know that I've not forgotten our promise. Let me have the chance to be your voice. I Love You. With that, he slipped the ring back into her finger. Azula finally smiled.

Questions

1.      Who is the girl?

2.      Who is the guy?

3.      Why her family didn’t agree with him?

4.      What is always asked by azula?

5.      Why azula can”t speak again?

Choose the best answer !

6.      Who is tell that romeo is come back?

a.     Azula’s friend

b.     Romeo’s friend

c.     Her parents

d.     His parents

7.      What is received by azula?

a.     Testament

b.     Invitation card

c.     Doctor’s note

d.     Picture

8.      What impact the crash of azula?

a.     She lost her hand

b.     She can’t see

c.     She lost her car

d.     She lost her voice

9.      how romeo and azula still keep in touch although long distance?

a.     By letters

b.     By network society

c.     By telephathy

10. Azula received the proposal does Romeo?

a.     Yes

b.     No

Choose true or false !

11. Her family supported their relationship since the beginning (...)

12. Romeo is very clever to say words about love (...)

13. There is Azula’s name in the invitation card (...)

14. Romeo spent a year to study sign language (...)

15. Romeo did’nt come back to Azula (...)

answer:

1.      the girl is Azula

2.      The boy is Romeo

3.      because Romeo doen’t have a good family background

4.      Azula always says that how depply is your love

5.      Because Azula lost her voice

6.      (a.Azula’s friend)

7.      (b.invitation card)

8.      (d. She lost her voice)

9.      (b. By network society)

10.  (a.Yes)

1)      false

2)      false

3)      true

4)      true

5)      false      

TENSES

The meaning of  tenses

A description or explanation of when an event, and actions. Events or actions occur in a sentence: current – past – or future. Or change the verb form in accordance with the time occurrence of an event and change the time information.

Kind of tenses

A. Present Tense

1.    Simple Present Tense

Ø  She writes some letters now

Ø  He goes to campus everyday

Ø  We have a picnic once a month

Ø  I always love you

2.    Present Continuous Tense

Ø  I am reading this book now

Ø  It's raining now

Ø  Jack is sleeping now

Ø  Dewi is working on that task

Ø  We were watching a movie on TV

3.    Present Perfect Tense

Ø  She has written some letters

Ø  You have not seen that movie many times.

Ø  I think I have met him once before.

Ø  Have you read the book yet?

4.    Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Ø  They have been talking for the last hour.

Ø  She has been working at that company for three years.

Ø  What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?

Ø  James has been teaching at the university since June.

B. Past Tense

1.    Simple Past Tense

Ø  I saw a movie yesterday.

Ø  I didn't see a play yesterday.

Ø  Last year, I traveled to Japan.

Ø  Did you have dinner last night?

2.    Past Continuous Tense

Ø  I was watching TV when she called.

Ø  When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

Ø  While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.

Ø  What were you doing when the earthquake started?

Ø  I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.

3.    Past Perfect Tense

Ø  I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

Ø  I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Ø  Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.

Ø  Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

4.    Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Ø  They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

Ø  She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

Ø  How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?

Ø  Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.

C. Future Tense

1.    Simple Future Tense

Ø  I will send you the information when I get it.

Ø  I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.

Ø  Will you help me move this heavy table?

Ø  Will you make dinner?

2.    Future Continuous Tense

Ø  I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.

Ø  I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.

Ø  I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anything happens and you need to contact me.

Ø  He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.

3.    Future Perfect Tense

Ø  By next November, I will have received my promotion.

Ø  By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleaned the entire house.

Ø  I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.

Ø  Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing?

4.    Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Ø  They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.

Ø  She is going to have been working at that company for three years when it finally closes.

Ø  James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia.

Ø  How long will you have been studying when you graduate?

D. Past Future Tense

1.    Past Future Tense

Ø  She would write some letters when you came

Ø   Judith would make a dinner

Ø  I knew you would help him

Ø  He would send a postcard from Egypt.

2.    Past Future Continuous Tense

Ø  She would be writing some letters on Monday last week

Ø  Judith  would be making a dinner

Ø  I knew you would be helping him

Ø  He would be sending a postcard from Egypt.

3.    Past Future Perfect Tense

Ø  She would have written some letters if you hadn’t come here

Ø  Judith would have made a dinner

Ø  I knew you would have helped him

Ø  He would have sent a postcard from Egypt.

4.    Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Ø  She would have been writing some letters by August this year

Ø  Judith would have been making a dinner

Ø  I knew you would have been helping him

Ø  He would have been sending a postcard from Egypt

Sources :

·          Pengertian dan Macam Macam Tenses | Mawar Hitam http://www.mawarhitam.info/macam-macam-tenses.html#ixzz1otONucBb

·         www.englishpage.com

·         http://riyn.multiply.com

·         (http://rizalvm.blogspot.com/2010/07/20-contoh-kalimat-present-continuous.html